Your goal this lesson
Study major artworks where Peter and Andrew appear together or in definitive solo portraits across Renaissance and Baroque traditions.
Saint Peter
Study notesFirst among the apostles, fisherman of Galilee, keeper of the keys, and first bishop of Rome.
Key attributes
Keys · Inverted Cross · Rooster
Saint Peter
Study notesFirst among the apostles, fisherman of Galilee, keeper of the keys, and first bishop of Rome.
Key attributes
Keys · Inverted Cross · Rooster
Saint Peter
Study notesFirst among the apostles, fisherman of Galilee, keeper of the keys, and first bishop of Rome.
Key attributes
Keys · Inverted Cross · Rooster
Saint Peter
Study notesFirst among the apostles, fisherman of Galilee, keeper of the keys, and first bishop of Rome.
Key attributes
Keys · Inverted Cross · Rooster
Saint Peter
Study notesFirst among the apostles, fisherman of Galilee, keeper of the keys, and first bishop of Rome.
Key attributes
Keys · Inverted Cross · Rooster
Saint Peter
Study notesFirst among the apostles, fisherman of Galilee, keeper of the keys, and first bishop of Rome.
Key attributes
Keys · Inverted Cross · Rooster
Saint Andrew
Study notesBrother of Peter, first-called disciple, patron saint of Scotland and Russia.
Key attributes
Cross · Fishing Net · X shaped cross (saltire)
Saint Andrew
Study notesBrother of Peter, first-called disciple, patron saint of Scotland and Russia.
Key attributes
Cross · Fishing Net · X shaped cross (saltire)
Who is this apostle?
Scan attributes first — then choose a name.
Compare at a glance
Peter vs Andrew
Saint Peter
Study notesFirst among the apostles, fisherman of Galilee, keeper of the keys, and first bishop of Rome.
Key attributes
Keys · Inverted Cross · Rooster
Saint Andrew
Study notesBrother of Peter, first-called disciple, patron saint of Scotland and Russia.
Key attributes
Cross · Fishing Net · X shaped cross (saltire)
Peter: keys, papal blue/gold, stockier elder. Andrew: X-shaped saltire cross, often beside Peter in calling scenes.
- →Brothers but distinct attributes
- →Saltire = Andrew; keys = Peter
Apostle profile
Saint Peter
First among the apostles, fisherman of Galilee, keeper of the keys, and first bishop of Rome.
Memory hook: Keys (gold and silver)
Visual examples
Saint Peter
Study notesFirst among the apostles, fisherman of Galilee, keeper of the keys, and first bishop of Rome.
Key attributes
Keys · Inverted Cross · Rooster
Saint Peter
Study notesFirst among the apostles, fisherman of Galilee, keeper of the keys, and first bishop of Rome.
Key attributes
Keys · Inverted Cross · Rooster
Apostle profile
Saint Andrew
Brother of Peter, first-called disciple, patron saint of Scotland and Russia.
Memory hook: Diagonal/X-shaped cross
Visual examples
Saint Andrew
Study notesBrother of Peter, first-called disciple, patron saint of Scotland and Russia.
Key attributes
Cross · Fishing Net · X shaped cross (saltire)
Saint Andrew
Study notesBrother of Peter, first-called disciple, patron saint of Scotland and Russia.
Key attributes
Cross · Fishing Net · X shaped cross (saltire)
Quick check
Quick check: which attribute belongs to Saint Peter?
Attribute checklist
Tap each attribute once you can picture it in art for this lesson.
Memory hooks
Tap to flipRecognition clues
Vatican benchmark
Raphael’s Stanza della Segnatura establishes Petrine gesture vocabulary echoed for centuries.
What to look for
Keys (gold and silver) · Elderly bald or short-bearded man · Papal colors blue and gold
Quick recognition clue
Saint Peter: prioritize keys before guessing from beard type alone.
At a glance
Where to study the brothers
Calling scenes, apostolic cycles, and national patronage art concentrate Petrine and Andrew imagery.
- ✦Raphael — Delivery of the Keys (Vatican)
- ✦Caravaggio — Calling of Saint Peter and Andrew
- ✦Scottish saltire tradition in Andrew portraits
- ✦Orthodox iconography of the first-called apostle
Quick check
Quick check: which attribute belongs to Saint Andrew?
Watch for confusion
Common mistake
Often confused with other bearded apostles holding books Andrew (brother; keys vs saltire)
Compare with
This lesson pairs Saint Peter and Saint Andrew. In side-by-side panels, attribute asymmetry resolves identity faster than facial type.
Try it yourself
Study challenge
Gallery assignment
Historical notes
Caravaggio’s calling
Caravaggio’s Calling of Saint Peter and Andrew freezes the vocational moment—both brothers, one light beam, nets and hands.
Study gallery
Saint Peter
First among the apostles, fisherman of Galilee, keeper of the keys, and first bishop of Rome.
Key attributes
- Keys
- Inverted Cross
- Rooster
- Boat
- Fishing Net
Look for: Study major artworks where Peter and Andrew appear together or in definitive solo portraits across Renaissance and Baroque traditions.
Saint Peter
First among the apostles, fisherman of Galilee, keeper of the keys, and first bishop of Rome.
Key attributes
- Keys
- Inverted Cross
- Rooster
- Boat
- Fishing Net
Look for: Study major artworks where Peter and Andrew appear together or in definitive solo portraits across Renaissance and Baroque traditions.
Saint Peter
First among the apostles, fisherman of Galilee, keeper of the keys, and first bishop of Rome.
Key attributes
- Keys
- Inverted Cross
- Rooster
- Boat
- Fishing Net
Look for: Study major artworks where Peter and Andrew appear together or in definitive solo portraits across Renaissance and Baroque traditions.
Saint Peter
First among the apostles, fisherman of Galilee, keeper of the keys, and first bishop of Rome.
Key attributes
- Keys
- Inverted Cross
- Rooster
- Boat
- Fishing Net
Look for: Study major artworks where Peter and Andrew appear together or in definitive solo portraits across Renaissance and Baroque traditions.
Saint Peter
First among the apostles, fisherman of Galilee, keeper of the keys, and first bishop of Rome.
Key attributes
- Keys
- Inverted Cross
- Rooster
- Boat
- Fishing Net
Look for: Study major artworks where Peter and Andrew appear together or in definitive solo portraits across Renaissance and Baroque traditions.
Saint Peter
First among the apostles, fisherman of Galilee, keeper of the keys, and first bishop of Rome.
Key attributes
- Keys
- Inverted Cross
- Rooster
- Boat
- Fishing Net
Look for: Study major artworks where Peter and Andrew appear together or in definitive solo portraits across Renaissance and Baroque traditions.
Saint Andrew
Brother of Peter, first-called disciple, patron saint of Scotland and Russia.
Key attributes
- Cross
- Fishing Net
- X shaped cross (saltire)
Look for: Study major artworks where Peter and Andrew appear together or in definitive solo portraits across Renaissance and Baroque traditions.
Saint Andrew
Brother of Peter, first-called disciple, patron saint of Scotland and Russia.
Key attributes
- Cross
- Fishing Net
- X shaped cross (saltire)
Look for: Study major artworks where Peter and Andrew appear together or in definitive solo portraits across Renaissance and Baroque traditions.
Saint Andrew
Brother of Peter, first-called disciple, patron saint of Scotland and Russia.
Key attributes
- Cross
- Fishing Net
- X shaped cross (saltire)
Look for: Study major artworks where Peter and Andrew appear together or in definitive solo portraits across Renaissance and Baroque traditions.
Saint Andrew
Brother of Peter, first-called disciple, patron saint of Scotland and Russia.
Key attributes
- Cross
- Fishing Net
- X shaped cross (saltire)
Look for: Study major artworks where Peter and Andrew appear together or in definitive solo portraits across Renaissance and Baroque traditions.
Saint Andrew
Brother of Peter, first-called disciple, patron saint of Scotland and Russia.
Key attributes
- Cross
- Fishing Net
- X shaped cross (saltire)
Look for: Study major artworks where Peter and Andrew appear together or in definitive solo portraits across Renaissance and Baroque traditions.
Saint Andrew
Brother of Peter, first-called disciple, patron saint of Scotland and Russia.
Key attributes
- Cross
- Fishing Net
- X shaped cross (saltire)
Look for: Study major artworks where Peter and Andrew appear together or in definitive solo portraits across Renaissance and Baroque traditions.
Key takeaway
Delivery of the Keys for Peter; saltire portraits and Scottish tradition for Andrew.
You practiced: Study major artworks where Peter and Andrew appear together or in definitive solo portraits across Renaissance and Baroque traditions.